What is dry skin?

The skin is a living organ. Skin cells are produced continually, and as they grow old they die, but link together to form a protective barrier. Seventy percent of skin is made up of water, which is kept in the skin by oils on its surface, and humectants within it. Humectants are sponge like substances that draw water back into the skin. If the skin has less oil than normal, it becomes dry, and the first symptoms of roughness, scaling and itch become apparent.

Dry skin is not always caused by a specific medical condition. Sometimes our environment, lifestyle or even our age causes a problem.

Symptoms of dry skin can range from roughness and scaling, to redness, soreness, irritation and itching, and even cracking and weeping.

There are several common causes of dry skin...

Extreme weather conditions

Skin may become dry as a result of exposure to extreme cold or heat, or to harsh winds.

Outdoor activities

The drying effect of harsh winds or bitter cold will be even greater if you're sailing or mountaineering.

Central heating and air conditioning

Both central heating and air conditioning have an unnatural drying effect on our indoor environment. If you spend long periods of time in a centrally heated or air conditioned place - and unless humidifiers are used, or windows opened to allow moist air in - you may find your skin starts to become dry.

Long distance flying

The recycled air in a plane quickly dries the skin, which may feel rough and tight both during and after a long flight.

Excessive immersion in water

If your occupation involves repeatedly immersing your hands in water - for example if you're a hairdresser, a nurse, or a housewife - you may find your hands become particularly dry.

Ageing

Unfortunately, our skin naturally tends to become drier as we get older.

Medication

A number of prescription drugs are known to have a side effect of causing dry skin in some patients. If the problem is severe, you should tell your doctor.